In
Through the Looking-glass, by Lewis
Carroll
In
the chapter titled, “Queen Alice”, Alice is sitting with the Red and White
Queens engaged in an absurd conversation. The Red Queen continues to lecture
and moralize and ask silly questions of Alice. Eventually, Alice wearies of any
attempts to make sense out of the Red Queen’s madness. In most common additions
of the book, the text reads as follows:
Alice sighed and gave it up. 'It's exactly like a
riddle with no answer!' she thought.
Note
the indefinite article accompanying “riddle”.
However,
my Norton Critical Edition with the supposed authoritative text reads as
follows:
Alice sighed and gave it up. 'It's exactly like the
riddle with no answer!' she thought.
Note
the definite article accompanying “riddle”.
So
we have two versions of the text. Which is correct? This is not a small matter
of textual variance because there could be an important link to the previous
Alice book, Alice in Wonderland.
In
chapter 7 of that book, titled, “A Mad Tea-Party”, Alice is sitting with the
Mad Hatter, March Hare, and Dormouse, engaged in an absurd conversation. The
text reads:
The Hatter
opened his eyes very wide on hearing this; but all he said was, 'Why is a raven
like a writing-desk?'
…
'No, I give it
up,' Alice replied: 'what's the answer?'
'I haven't the
slightest idea,' said the Hatter.
…
Alice sighed wearily. 'I think you might do something
better with the time,' she said, 'than waste it in asking riddles that have no
answers.'
As
you can surmise, if, in Through the
Looking-glass, Alice actually used the definite article then it highly
indicates that she is thinking about the Mad Hatter’s Riddle at this point. If
she used the indefinite article then we have her thinking of no such riddle in
particular.
The
annotated editions of Alice that I’ve read have all drawn the connection
between Alice’s statement in Through the
Looking-glass and the Mad Hatter’s Riddle, even when the text these
annotated editions are using contain the indefinite article. The editions
usually state that the Mad Hatter’s Riddle is an example of a riddle with no answer.
And
all these annotated editions use texts lacking the definite article. In fact,
I’ve only been able to find one edition of Through
the Looking-glass that includes the definite article in the text: the
Norton Critical Edition, both the 1971 and 1992 editions of this book.
Therefore,
because I hold the Norton Critical Editions to a high standard, because I deem
a scholarly and authoritative edition to be a superior reference to that of any
so-called “standard” edition, and because I believe that Carroll was quite
conscious of the connection he was making between his two Alice books in this
section, I must conclude that most editions of Through the Looking-glass are in error at this point and only the Norton
Critical Editions offer an accurate version of Lewis Carroll’s true literary
intention.